Ma.gnolia: Joseph j7uy5's Bookmarks

Cognitive behavioural group therapy to improve patients' strategies for coping with restless legs syndrome: a proof-of-concept trial -- Hornyak et al. 79 (7): 823 -- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry

2008-07-14T22:38:15-07:00

The study establishes the feasibility and high acceptance of the newly devised therapy programme. The application of RLS-oriented specific psychological strategies is a step toward an integrated treatment approach in RLS.

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BioMed Central | Full text | Fatty acids and oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders

2008-06-15T12:06:19-07:00

Most psychiatric disorders are associated with increased oxidative stress. Patients suffering from that subgroup of these psychiatric disorders in which there is increased lipid peroxidation might therefore benefit from fatty acid supplementation (preferably with the inclusion of an antioxidant-rich diet) while patients suffering from all these psychiatric disorders might benefit from a change to a whole-food plant-based diet devoid of refined carbohydrate products.

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Appropriate Prescribing of Medications: An Eight-Step Approach - January 15, 2007 -- American Family Physician

2008-06-15T11:57:11-07:00

A systematic approach advocated by the World Health Organization can help minimize poor-quality and erroneous prescribing.

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Enhanced Serotonin Transporter Function during Depression in Seasonal Affective Disorder

2008-05-21T19:45:32-07:00

Efficiency of 5-HTT-mediated inward (p=0.014) and outward (p=0.003) transport was enhanced in depressed patients. Both measures normalized toward control levels after therapy and in natural summer remission. Changes in outward transport showed a clear correlation with treatment response (rho=0.421, p=0.001).

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Short telomeres in patients with chronic schizophrenia who show a poor response to treatment

2008-05-20T21:16:00-07:00

Conclusion: Shortened telomere length in chronic schizophrenia may be a trait marker caused by oxidative stress, and the ensuing cellular dysfunction may be a factor contributing to the progressive deterioration in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

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Simulation of talking faces in the human brain improves auditory speech recognition -- von Kriegstein et al., 10.1073/pnas.0710826105 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

2008-04-28T22:56:09-07:00

These findings challenge current unisensory models of speech processing, because they show that, in auditory-only speech, the brain exploits previously encoded audiovisual correlations to optimize communication. We suggest that this optimization is based on speaker-specific audiovisual internal models, which are used to simulate a talking face.

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Dysfunctional Neural Plasticity in Patients With Schizophrenia, Arch Gen Psychiatry -- April 2008, Daskalakis et al. 65 (4): 378

2008-04-14T21:39:41-07:00

It is possible that in schizophrenia, these deficits in neural plasticity are related to disturbances of {gamma}-aminobutyric acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotransmission, or dopamine that may potentially account for the aberrant motor performance of these patients.

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A Review of the Literature on the Selegiline Transdermal System

2008-04-08T20:52:54-07:00

The selegiline transdermal system provides several advantages compared to orally administered MAOIs, including minimal interaction with dietary tyramine and prolonged exposure to the parent compound, while offering a favorable side effect profile. As a result, treatment at the lowest effective dose of 6 mg/24 hours can be administered without the need for dietary modifications.

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Development of mental health first aid guidelines for suicidal ideation and behaviour: a Delphi study | BioMed Central | Abstract | 1471-244x-8-17

2008-03-31T22:57:44-07:00

There are a number of actions which are considered to be useful for members of the public when they encounter someone who is experiencing suicidal thoughts or engaging in suicidal behaviour. These guidelines will be useful in revision of curriculum of mental health first aid and suicide intervention training programs. They can also be used by members of the public who want immediate information about how to assist a suicidal person.

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Treatment of chronically depressed patients: a multisite randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of 'Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy' (CBASP) for chronic depressions versus usual secondary care | BioMed Central | Abstra

2008-03-31T22:56:12-07:00

'Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy' (CBASP) is a form of psychotherapy specifically developed for patients with chronic depression. In a study in the U.S., remarkable favorable effects of CBASP have been demonstrated. However, no other studies have as yet replicated these findings and CBASP has not been tested outside the United States. This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of CBASP in the Netherlands.

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Spreading the Safety Net -- Obstacles to the Expansion of Community Health Centers -- NEJM

2008-03-31T22:45:00-07:00

Bush's commitment persuaded more Republicans to support CHCs, and the result has been a politically effective bipartisanship on this front, since most Democratic legislators have long considered such centers a vital component of any expansion of health care coverage.

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Early Treatment With Cognitive Therapies Prevents Chronic PTSD

2008-03-26T19:32:15-07:00

The initiation of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies within one month of a traumatic event was linked to a significant decrease in the prevalence of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at four months...

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How to Interpret a Genome-wide Association Study, JAMA -- March 19, 2008, Pearson and Manolio 299 11 : 1335

2008-03-22T21:49:39-07:00

GWA studies are an important advance in discovering genetic variants influencing disease but also have important limitations, including their potential for false-positive and false-negative results and for biases related to selection of study participants and genotyping errors.

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Seeds of PTSD Planted in Childhood -- Holden 2008 (318): 2 -- ScienceNOW

2008-03-22T20:39:58-07:00

Not everyone is vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)--the extreme anxiety, depression, and nightmares that can follow a harrowing event. Although some people develop symptoms after seemingly minor traumas, others can handle wars, hurricanes, or various forms of physical abuse without losing their emotional balance. Now, researchers have shown that mutations in a stress-related gene may help determine whether someone who suffered from abuse as a child is susceptible to PTSD later in life.

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The long-term impact of treatment with electroconvulsive therapy on discrete memory systems in patients with bipolar disorder; J Psychiatry Neurosci 2007;32(4):241-249

2008-03-20T16:49:48-07:00

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been controversially associated with long-lasting memory problems. Verbal learning and memory deficits are commonly reported in studies of people with bipolar disorder (BD). Whether memory deficits can be exacerbated in patients with BD who receive ECT has, to our knowledge, not been systematically examined. We aimed to examine whether long-term effects of ECT on discrete memory systems could be detected in patients with BD.

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Mind, Brain, and Personality Disorders -- Gabbard 162 (4): 648 -- Am J Psychiatry

2008-03-16T12:40:53-07:00

Severe personality disorders are best understood and treated without "either-or" dichotomies of brain and mind. Each domain has a different language, however, and the language of the mind is necessary to help the patient develop a theory of mind.

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Classification in Psychiatry: Does it Deliver in Schizophrenia and Depression? | International Journal of Mental Health Systems | Full text

2008-03-16T12:28:50-07:00

Advances in psychiatric knowledge and practice notwithstanding, present classification systems would be enhanced by the incorporation of dimensional components. Minor tinkering with current systems will reflect only a missed opportunity. Improving classification will facilitate quality improvement of mental health systems.

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Symptoms of somatization as a rapid screening tool for mitochondrial dysfunction in depression | BioPsychoSocial Medicine | Abstract | 1751-0759-2-7

2008-03-16T11:20:31-07:00

Somatic symptomatology is common in depression, and is often attributed to the Freudian-inspired concept of "somatization". While the same somatic symptoms and depression are common in mitochondrial disease, in cases with concurrent mood symptoms the diagnosis of a mitochondrial disorder and related therapy are typically delayed for many years. A short screening tool that can identify patients with depression at high risk for having underlying mitochondrial dysfunction is presented.

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ACNP White Paper: Update on Use of Antipsychotic Drugs in Elderly Persons with Dementia --Neuropsychopharmacology

2008-03-15T10:58:09-07:00

The goal of this White Paper is to review relevant issues and make clinical and research recommendations regarding the treatment of elderly dementia patients with psychosis and/or agitation. The role of shared decision making and caution in using pharmacotherapy for these patients is stressed.

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Comparison of Strategies for Sustaining Weight Loss: The Weight Loss Maintenance Randomized Controlled Trial, --JAMA March 12, 2008, Svetkey et al. 299 (10): 1139

2008-03-15T10:55:44-07:00

The majority of individuals who successfully completed an initial behavioral weight loss program maintained a weight below their initial level. Monthly brief personal contact provided modest benefit in sustaining weight loss, whereas an interactive techonology–based intervention provided early but transient benefit.

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Implication of the polyamine system in mental disorders -- J Psychiatry Neurosci 2008;33(2):102-10

2008-03-15T10:45:39-07:00

The polyamine pathway has an essential role in many cellular functions and has been implicated in several pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests that the polyamine system also plays a role in the etiology and pathology of mental disorders. Alterations in the expression and activity of polyamine metabolic enzymes, as well as changes in the levels of the individual polyamines, have been observed in multiple conditions, including schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety and suicidal behaviour. Additionally, these components have been found to be altered by various psychiatric treatments. Further, the polyamines and their precursors have demonstrated both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Overall, findings to date suggest that the polyamine pathway represents an important frontier for the development of neuropharmacological treatments.

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Protein Kinase C Inhibition in the Treatment of Mania: A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Tamoxifen, Arch Gen Psychiatry -- March 2008, Yildiz et al. 65 (3): 255

2008-03-15T10:43:12-07:00

Tamoxifen demonstrated antimanic properties and was remarkably well tolerated. The findings encourage further clarification of the role of PKC in the pathophysiologic mechanism of bipolar I disorder and development of novel anti-PKC agents as potential antimanic or mood-stabilizing agents.

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Recognizing thyrotoxicosis in a patient with bipolar mania: a case report | Annals of General Psychiatry | 1744-859x-7-3

2008-03-15T10:41:56-07:00

Physicians should consider a comorbid hyperthyroidism in bipolar manic patients only partially responsive to standard care treatment with a mood stabilizer and antipsychotic.

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Pharmacologic Management of Adult Depression - March 15, 2008 -- American Family Physician

2008-03-15T10:10:59-07:00

Major depression is a common and treatable disease. Many patients benefit from pharmacologic treatment and, because there is little variation in antidepressant effectiveness, medication choices should be made based on patient characteristics, safety, and anticipated side effects. Most patients respond favorably to treatment, but many do not have complete symptom relief.

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